ABSTRACT
Background: Although vegetables have important role to our diets but in case of infection with microbes they can act as a source of infection for variety of intestinal diseases namely cholera. Present study aimed to figure out the status of vegetable disinfection behavior and its modifiable determinants during cholera outbreak in Qom province in 2011.
Material and Methods: In a descriptive-analytic study on 554 women [who were household-keeper], vegetable disinfection behavior and its determinants were investigated. In this study, the multistage sampling method was used. A researcher-tailored questionnaire was used to gather data. The valid and reliable questionnaire was comprised of 85 questions and was completed by subjects. Then, the collected data was analyzed by SPSS software [version 19] and using Pearson correlation coefficient [CI=95%].
Results: The mean and standard error [SE] of age of subjects were about 31.24+-8.45 Women's knowledge score on use of vegetable disinfectants had a mean and SE of 71.5+-11.65. Altogether, only 15.99% of women [87 persons] reported a complete disinfection of vegetables. The strongest relationship was found between Vegetable disinfection behavior and the perceived barriers that based on Pearson correlation coefficient was a significant but reverse relationship. [r=-0.567, p=0.019].
Conclusion: Our findings showed that house-keeping women had a poor behavior regarding vegetable disinfection. Consequently, poorly-disinfected vegetables are still a prominent health problem respecting spread of intestinal diseases especially cholera.
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen in the world, and like other surgical procedures, the postoperative pain is one of the most common problems. Nowadays people tend to use non-drug methods and alternative medicine for reducing the effects of drug side effects. Reflexology is one of these treatments which can reduce pain and stress by applying pressure on a specialized area of the hands, feet and ears. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Reflexology massage on pain relief after appendectomy surgery.
Materials and Methods: This critical trial study has performed in the emergency department of the Imam Reza Hospital, in Mashhad in 1392. Pain level and analgesic intake of 105 patients were compared in three groups before, immediately, one, six and 24 hours after treatment. In intervention group a specific area in the right leg and Shenman part of the ear was pressed for ten and one minute respectively. In the control group the pressure was applied on the back of left foot and right earlobe. Patients in the control group received only routine care. The results were evaluated at 95% confidence level. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 21 software.
The results: The difference of mean pain level at baseline was not statistically significant in the different groups [P=0/430], but after the reflexology message there was a significant difference between the amount of pain in intervention group compared with two other groups [P
Conclusion: Reflexology is an effective method for pain relief of patients after appendectomy surgery and it is recommended nurses to apply this method for reducing pain of these patients.
ABSTRACT
Several radiotracers are being used for sentinel node mapping in patients with breast cancer. In the current study, we reported our experience with 99m-Tc Phytate for sentinel node mapping in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All breast cancer patients who underwent sentinel node mapping using 99m-Tc Phytate were included. All patients received intradermal peri-areolar injection of 0.5 mCi/0.lcc 99m-Tc Phytate. Lymphoscintiraphy was performed for 145 patients 5-10 minutes post-injection. The sentinel nodes were found during surgery using a hand-held gamma probe as well as blue dye technique. In total 165 patients were evaluated. Lymphoscintigraphy showed axillary sentinel nodes in 135 out of 145 patients [93%] following imaging. At least one sentinel node could be detected in all these 135 patients during surgery. In the remaining 10 patients with sentinel node non-visualization, 5 had sentinel node harvesting failure during surgery. Median number of sentinel nodes on the lymphoscintigraphy images was 1. Sentinel node detection rate was 95% [157/165]. In the 8 patients with sentinel node harvesting failure, 7 had pathologically involved axilla. Median number of harvested sentinel nodes was 1. Mean sentinel node to background count ratio was 10 +/- 2. 99m-Tc Phytate is an effective and highly successful radiotracer for sentinel node mapping. Sentinel node can be visualized in a short time after 99m-Tc Phytate injection on the lymphoscintigraphy images. The sentinel to background count during surgery is high which results in more convenient sentinel node harvesting and high detection rate